Abstract

Editorial Team:

Editors-in-Chief
Philip David Zitowitz, Ph.D – Meiji University (Japan)
António Costa Valente, Ph.D – Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)

Editorial Board
Abílio Hernandez, Ph.D – Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Adriana Hoffmann, Ph.D – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Alessandro Griffini, Ph.D – ENEA (Italy)
Anabela Branco Oliveira, Ph.D – Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal)
António Pedro Pita, Ph.D – Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Bienvenido Léon, Ph.D – University of Navarra (Spain)
Carlos Figueiredo, Ph.D – Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal)
David Cleverly, Ph.D – University of London (UK)
Farshad Fereshteh Hekmat, Ph.D – University of Tehran (Iran)
India Mara Martins, Ph.D – Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brazil)
Jan Goldschmeding, Ph.D – IAMS (The Netherlands)
João Paulo Queiroz, Ph.D – Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)
João Victor Boechat Gomide, Ph.D – Universidade FUMEC (Brazil)
José Ribeiro, Ph.D – Universidade Aberta (Portugal)
José Umbelino Brasil, Ph.D – Universidade Federal da Bahia (Brazil)
Kajingulu Somwe Mubenga, Ph.D – National Pedagogy University (Congo)
Manuela Penafria, Ph.D – Universidade da Beira Interior (Portugal)
Marc Rigaudis, Ph.D – United States International University (Kenya)
Marcella Giulia Lorenzi, Ph.D – University of Calabria (Italy)
Mari Marikanta, Ph.D – University of Lapland (Finland)
Rosa Oliveira, Ph.D – Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)
Rosemary Mountain, Ph.D – Concordia University (Canada)
S.P. S. Dahiya, Ph.D – Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak (India)
Shamsoddin Royanian, Ph.D - Semnan University (Iran)
Vania Baldi, Ph.D – Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)
Vítor Reia-Baptista, Ph.D – Universidade do Algarve (Portugal)

Production Editors
Cláudia Ferreira – Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)
Rita Capucho – Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)

Assistant Editors
Adama Ouedraogo – University of Toulouse (France)
Ana Catarina Pereira – Universidade da Beira Interior (Portugal)
Ana Maria Cremades – University of Seville (Spain)
Chris Broodryk – University of Pretoria (South Africa)
Daniel Pinna - Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brazil)
Jackie Calderwood – De Montfort University (UK)
Manuel Costa e Silva – ESAP (Portugal)
Tim Wallis - Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (China and UK)
Zunting Zhang – Utrecht University (The Netherlands)

Staff:

Webmasters
Sérgio Reis
Rui Raposo

Promotional Marketing
Maria S. Nina

Design
Gabriel Rego

Page Makeup
António Osório

Publisher
Debatevolution – Associação
Rua Prof. Dr. Egas Moniz, nº 149
3860-078 – Avanca
Portugal